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独家 ｜ 17个可以用于工作自动化的最佳Python脚本（上集）
翻译：付雯欣校对：赵茹萱
本文约5000字，建议阅读10分钟
我们将通过上下两个篇章为您介绍17个能够自动执行各种任务并提高工作效率Python脚本及其代码。
引言
目录（上篇）
1.自动化文件管理
1.1 对目录中的文件进行排序
```# Python script to sort files in a directory by their extensionimport osfromshutil import movedef sort_files(directory_path):for filename in os.listdir(directory_path):if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory_path, filename)):file_extension = filename.split('.')[-1]destination_directory = os.path.join(directory_path, file_extension)if not os.path.exists(destination_directory):os.makedirs(destination_directory)move(os.path.join(directory_path, filename), os.path.join(destination_directory, filename))```1.2 删除空文件夹
```# Python script to remove empty folders in a directoryimport osdef remove_empty_folders(directory_path):for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory_path, topdown=False):for folder in dirs:folder_path = os.path.join(root, folder)if not os.listdir(folder_path): os.rmdir(folder_path)```1.3 重命名多个文件
```# Python script to rename multiple files in a directoryimport osdef rename_files(directory_path, old_name, new_name): for filename in os.listdir(directory_path): if old_name in filename: new_filename = filename.replace(old_name, new_name) os.rename(os.path.join(directory_path,filename),os.path.join(directory_path, new_filename))```2. 使用Python进行网页抓取
2.1从网站提取数据
```# Python script for web scraping to extract data from a websiteimport requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupdef scrape_data(url): response = requests.get(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')# Your code here to extract relevant data from the website```2.2从网站提取数据
```# Python script to download images in bulk from a websiteimport requestsdef download_images(url, save_directory): response = requests.get(url) if response.status_code == 200: images = response.json() # Assuming the API returns a JSON array of image URLs for index, image_url in enumerate(images): image_response = requests.get(image_url) if image_response.status_code == 200: with open(f"{save_directory}/image_{index}.jpg", "wb") as f: f.write(image_response.content)```2.3自动提交表单
```# Python script to automate form submissions on a websiteimport requestsdef submit_form(url, form_data): response = requests.post(url, data=form_data) if response.status_code == 200: # Your code here to handle the response after form submission```3. 文本处理和操作
3.1计算文本文件中的字数
```# Python script to count words in a text filedef count_words(file_path): with open(file_path, 'r') as f: text = f.read() word_count = len(text.split()) return word_count```3.2从网站提取数据
```# Python script to find and replace text in a filedef find_replace(file_path, search_text, replace_text): with open(file_path, 'r') as f: text = f.read() modified_text = text.replace(search_text, replace_text) with open(file_path, 'w') as f: f.write(modified_text)```3.3生成随机文本
```# Python script to generate random textimport randomimport stringdef generate_random_text(length): letters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation random_text = ''.join(random.choice(letters) for i in range(length)) return random_text```4.电子邮件自动化
4.1发送个性化电子邮件
```# Python script to send personalized emails to a list of recipientsimport smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartdef send_personalized_email(sender_email, sender_password, recipients, subject, body): server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) server.starttls() server.login(sender_email, sender_password) for recipient_email in recipients: message = MIMEMultipart() message['From'] = sender_email message['To'] = recipient_email message['Subject'] = subject message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain')) server.sendmail(sender_email, recipient_email, message.as_string()) server.quit()```4.2通过电子邮件发送文件附件
```# Python script to send emails with file attachmentsimport smtplibfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email import encodersdef send_email_with_attachment(sender_email,sender_password, recipient_email, subject, body, file_path): server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) server.starttls() server.login(sender_email, sender_password) message = MIMEMultipart() message['From'] = sender_email message['To'] = recipient_email message['Subject'] = subject message.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain')) with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment: part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream') part.set_payload(attachment.read()) encoders.encode_base64(part) part.add_header('Content-Disposition', f"attachment; filename= {file_path}") message.attach(part) server.sendmail(sender_email, recipient_email, message.as_string()) server.quit()```此 Python 脚本允许您发送带有文件附件的电子邮件。只需提供发件人的电子邮件、密码、收件人的电子邮件、主题、正文以及要附加的文件的路径。
4.3自动邮件提醒
```# Python script to send automatic email remindersimport smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom datetime import datetime, timedeltadef send_reminder_email(sender_email, sender_password, recipient_email, subject, body, reminder_date): server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) server.starttls() server.login(sender_email, sender_password) now = datetime.now() reminder_date = datetime.strptime(reminder_date, '%Y-%m-%d') if now.date() == reminder_date.date(): message = MIMEText(body, 'plain') message['From'] = sender_email message['To'] = recipient_email message['Subject'] = subject server.sendmail(sender_email, recipient_email, message.as_string()) server.quit()```5.自动化Excel电子表格
5.1Excel读&写
```# Python script to read and write data to an Excel spreadsheetimport pandas as pddef read_excel(file_path): df = pd.read_excel(file_path) return dfdef write_to_excel(data, file_path): df = pd.DataFrame(data) df.to_excel(file_path, index=False)```5.2数据分析和可视化
```# Python script for data analysis and visualization with pandas and matplotlibimport pandas as pdimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltdef analyze_and_visualize_data(data):# Your code here for data analysis and visualization pass```此Python脚本使用pandas和matplotlib库来进行数据分析和可视化。它使您能够探索数据集、得出结论并得到数据的可视化表示。
5.3合并多个工作表
```# Python script to merge multiple Excel sheets into a single sheetimport pandas as pddef merge_sheets(file_path, output_file_path): xls = pd.ExcelFile(file_path) df = pd.DataFrame() for sheet_name in xls.sheet_names: sheet_df = pd.read_excel(xls, sheet_name) df = df.append(sheet_df) df.to_excel(output_file_path, index=False)```6.与数据库交互
6.1连接到一个数据库
```# Python script to connect to a database and execute queriesimport sqlite3def connect_to_database(database_path): connection = sqlite3.connect(database_path) return connectiondef execute_query(connection, query): cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.execute(query) result = cursor.fetchall() return result```此Python脚本允许您连接到SQLite数据库并执行查询。您可以使用适当的Python数据库驱动程序将其调整为与其他数据库管理系统（例如MySQL或PostgreSQL）配合使用。
6.2执行SQL查询
```# Python script to execute SQL queries on a databaseimport sqlite3def execute_query(connection, query): cursor = connection.cursor() cursor.execute(query) result = cursor.fetchall() return result```6.3数据备份与恢复
```import shutildef backup_database(database_path, backup_directory): shutil.copy(database_path, backup_directory)def restore_database(backup_path, database_directory): shutil.copy(backup_path, database_directory)```7.社交媒体自动化
7.1发送个性化电子邮件
```# Python script to automate posting on Twitter and Facebookfrom twython import Twythonimport facebookdef post_to_twitter(api_key, api_secret, access_token, access_token_secret, message): twitter = Twython(api_key, api_secret, access_token, access_token_secret) twitter.update_status(status=message)def post_to_facebook(api_key, api_secret, access_token, message): graph = facebook.GraphAPI(access_token) graph.put_object(parent_object='me', connection_name='feed', message=message)```此 Python 脚本利用Twython和facebook-sdk库自动在Twitter和Facebook上发布内容。您可以使用它将 Python 脚本中的更新、公告或内容直接共享到您的社交媒体配置文件。
7.2社交媒体自动共享
```# Python script to automatically share content on social media platformsimport randomdef get_random_content():# Your code here to retrieve random content from a list or databasepassdef post_random_content_to_twitter(api_key, api_secret, access_token, access_token_secret):content = get_random_content()post_to_twitter(api_key, api_secret, access_token, access_token_secret, content)def post_random_content_to_facebook(api_key, api_secret, access_token):content = get_random_content()post_to_facebook(api_key, api_secret, access_token, content)```7.3 抓取社交媒体数据
```# Python script for scraping data from social media platformsimport requestsdef scrape_social_media_data(url): response = requests.get(url)# Your code here to extract relevant data from the response```8.自动化系统任务
8.1管理系统进程
```# Python script to manage system processesimport psutildef get_running_processes():return [p.info for p in psutil.process_iter(['pid', 'name', 'username'])]def kill_process_by_name(process_name):for p in psutil.process_iter(['pid', 'name', 'username']):if p.info['name'] == process_name:p.kill()```8.2使用 Cron 安排任务
```# Python script to schedule tasks using cron syntaxfrom crontab import CronTabdef schedule_task(command, schedule):cron = CronTab(user=True)job = cron.new(command=command)job.setall(schedule)cron.write()```8.3自动邮件提醒
```# Python script to monitor disk space and send an alert if it's lowimport psutildef check_disk_space(minimum_threshold_gb):disk = psutil.disk_usage('/')free_space_gb = disk.free / (230) # Convert bytes to GBif free_space_gb < minimum_threshold_gb:# Your code here to send an alert (email, notification, etc.)pass```9.自动化图像编辑
9.1图像大小调整和裁剪
```# Python script to resize and crop imagesfrom PIL import Imagedef resize_image(input_path, output_path, width, height): image = Image.open(input_path) resized_image = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) resized_image.save(output_path)def crop_image(input_path, output_path, left, top, right, bottom): image = Image.open(input_path) cropped_image = image.crop((left, top, right, bottom)) cropped_image.save(output_path)```9.2为图像添加水印
```# Python script to add watermarks to imagesfrom PIL import Imagefrom PIL import ImageDrawfrom PIL import ImageFontdef add_watermark(input_path, output_path, watermark_text):image = Image.open(input_path)draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)font = ImageFont.truetype('arial.ttf', 36)draw.text((10, 10), watermark_text, fill=(255, 255, 255, 128), font=font)image.save(output_path)``````# Python script to create image thumbnailsfrom PIL import Imagedef create_thumbnail(input_path, output_path, size=(128, 128)):image = Image.open(input_path)image.thumbnail(size)image.save(output_path)```结论
译者简介
付雯欣，中国人民大学统计学专业硕士研究生在读，数据科学道路上的探索者一枚。小时候梦想做数学家，现在依旧着迷于数据背后的世界。热爱阅读，热爱遛弯儿，不停感受打开生命大门的瞬间。欢迎大家和我一起用概率的视角看世界～
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